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| [[CNC|'''CNC Mill''']] or '''computer numerical controlled milling device''' is used for automatically milling or cutting away at materials like wood, plastic, or softer metals such as aluminum based on a 3D computer model. | | #REDIRECT [[CNC]] |
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| Akin to a [[3D Printer]], the CNC provides the ability to work with objects in x, y, and z dimensions. However, it provides ''subtractive'' manufacturing, rather than ''additive''.
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| The sudo room sign by the intercom at the 22nd st entrance was milled on this machine.
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| ==Maintenance==
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| * Fairly self-maintaining
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| * Use a vaccuum while milling, especially with metal or large bits
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| * Bits can last for a while if treated with care, but aren't very expensive to replace--buy some for fun--but measure since our drill has a small chuck!
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| * Some items do require lubrication, but seldom
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| * Opening the lid along the x-axis and cleaning out debris is necessary from time to time
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| * Careful of hose connecting motor and drill housing, it can get tangled, require possible replacement (~$30)
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| ==Components==
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| * Power supply
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| * USB to serial converter '''"Smooth Stepper"'''
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| * Stepper motor controller '''"Gecko Drive"'''
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| * Computer with operation software
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| ** We use '''"Mach3"''' which seems to be the only software that works with our older hardware and the various other components. Unfortunately this requires windows
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| *** May want to experiment with running Mach3 in a VM.
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| ** There is a range of available design software, but what seems to work well enough for CNC machines is '''CamBam Studio''', though it is not as nice as '''Sketchup'''
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| *** There are ways to import STL files into CamBam (also DXF, but they are screwy), but ultimately, care must be made for what type of milling is to be done.
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| *** To import STL files in CamBam select: Draw > Surface > From Mesh File. Then, select an STL file.
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| ==Tutorials==
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| ===Basic Example (wood sign)===
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| This tutorial seeks to demonstrate the existing tool-chain and a basic example of a project that a general sudoer could follow. If it fails in any fashion, please leave comments and make improvements. This is, after all, a wiki.
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| # Open '''CamBam''' and create a new file if necessary.
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| ## If starting from an STL or DXF file, use the ''Draw > Surface > From Mesh File'' option or the ''File > Import'' option respectively.
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| ## Otherwise, you can design inside of CamBam, including insertion of text, which seems to use any font available in the fonts directory in the operating system.
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| ## On the left-hand side of CamBam, there should be an odd list with folder icons. Select the '''"Machining"''' item with a folder icon. Below, you will see some settings available for configuration.
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| ### At this point you should clamp the stock into place, then measure the exposed, cutting area. There is a small, open face wooden box that has different clamps, give them a try.
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| ### In CamBam, set the "Stock Size" but think of this as the "Cutting Area" of whatever material you'd like to mill into. There are X, Y, and Z dimensions. '''Use millimeters''' it's apparently less buggy this way.
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| ## Now you get to draw!
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| ##* We used ''Draw > Text'' and selected Palatino Linotype to make a sign for [[The Public School]].
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| ##* Resize your drawing to fit the desired area, etc.
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| ## Based on your drawing and the stock size, adjust the stock offset so it sits conveniently with your desired '''origin'''. This will be the place you center the mill later on, and should be a convenient place for ensuring the design is ultimately milled as intended.
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| ##* You may need to move the drawing, resize, or change its position offset again.
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| ## Select a '''Machining''' option from the ''Machining'' menu.
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| ##* We used '''Pocket''' (''Machining > Pocket'')to cut at an even depth with a width greater than the size of the bit itself.
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| ##* You may create multiple '''"Parts"''' by disabling the part, then selecting another Machining option. This is handy when using multiple passes over the stock, such as with a big bit and a small bit to produce clean cuts.
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| ##* ''There are several forms of machining (milling) available that work differently: '''Profile''', '''Pocket''', '''Engrave''', '''3D Profile''', and '''Drill'''. Read the CamBam "Help" docs for more information.''
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| ## Select the Machining Option item under your Part in the Machining settings for your current file (in that window on the left hand side). (E.g. we selected "Pocket1").
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| ##* Most important are '''Target Depth''', '''Roughing / Finishing''', '''Finish Stepover''', '''Roughing Clearance''', and '''Tool Diameter'''--especially the '''Target Depth''' and '''Tool Diameter'''.
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| ##** Use the digital calipers to measure the machining bit, especially if you're unsure of the size.
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| ##* It is '''''strongly encouraged''''' to implement test cuts first, get a sense of the affect of different settings that will help you implement the milling to your desired specifications, especially with cutting rates.
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| ## Finally, select ''Machining > Generate Tool Paths'' and examine the resulting paths. Does this meet your desired outocome?
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| ##* If not, adjust more settings until it does. This process can take a while depending on the complexity.
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| ##* Especially adjust '''Roughing Clearance''' which can be given negative values to oversize holes.
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| ## When you are confident in the tool path, generate gcode by selecting ''Machining > Produce gcode''.
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| # Before turning anything else on, replace the bits if necessary using the drill key tool on the tool wall.
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| # Turn on the power supply, located behind the monitor stand, in a hefty, vcr-looking black box. It's '''not''' a white switch, instead it looks similar to the switch on the back of a computer's power supply.
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| # Also turn on the USB to serial converter using which '''is''' a white switch attached to a tiny black box in between the power supply and the mill. '''Down is on'''.
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| # Open Mach3
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| ## Select ''File > Load G-Code'' and select the desired gcode generated by CamBam or from elsewhere.
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| ## Select the ''Reset'' button.
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| ## Select the ''REF ALL HOME'' button.
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| ##* These should set the position of the mill at a default state.
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| ## Using the '''up''', '''down''', '''left''', '''right''' arrow keys, jog the drill along the X and Y axes above the desired origin. This will move the drill head and the platen with your stock attached.
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| ## Once in a fairly close position, use the '''pgup''' and '''pgdn''' keys to ''carefully'' move the tip of the bit on the Z axis to just touching or just barely above the desired origin.
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| ##* '''Be careful''' not to move in the X and Y directions since this could break the bit. This is why the bit should be just above the stock when you set it as origin.
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| ## Now, with the bit in place select the '''Zero X''', '''Zero Y''', '''Zero Z''' buttons in order to set the origin by which your design will be milled.
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| ## At this point, lift the bit up in the Z direction just a tad. Select '''Reset'''. Select '''Cycle Start <Alt-R>'''.
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| ## If you're using text, or some image with a left-to-right or right-to-left orientation, it's likely that you will need to "flip" the image in order for it to be milled in the correct direction. Namely, setting the Scale for X to -1 did the trick for us.
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| ## Finally, use the '''Regen. Toolpath''' button to ensure the newly set origin takes effect.
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| ## When ready to begin, select '''Cycle Start''' button. Use the '''Feed Hold''' for pausing the process and '''Stop''' to end the process or in an emergency.
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| # Use the shopvac to vacuum up the debris as it mills.
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| # When making multiple passes and changing bits, you only need to re-adjust the zero (origin) for the Z axis--keeping the other two the same ensures perfect registration!
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| # Happy CNCing!
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| ===PCB (Printed Circuit Boards)===
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| ====Links====
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| * [http://rapid-pcb.com/ http://rapid-pcb.com/]
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| * [http://wiki.acemonstertoys.org/Milling_Circuit_Boards http://wiki.acemonstertoys.org/Milling_Circuit_Boards]
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