Difference between revisions of "Mesh"

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<span style="color:#20b24b;">'''<big>Oct 25: Launched [https://peoplesopen.net/ PeoplesOpen.net] our public project page!</big>'''</span>
'''We are an all-volunteer organization building the People's Open Network, a community-owned and operated non-profit internet infrastructure in Oakland.'''
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'''''Sudo Mesh is an all-volunteer organization building the '''People's Open Network''', a community-owned and operated non-profit internet infrastructure in Oakland.'''''
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesh_networking mesh network] is ''essentially'' free internet that gives users an alternative to their service provider. It consists of routers that has software that allows it to communicate with other routers, instead of a modem (or service provider). The users who join the network enable others to be on the network and support [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_neutrality net neutrality]. These networks are resilient to disasters because the routers are distributed throughout the community rather than being dependent on the infrastructure developed by service providers.   
 
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesh_networking mesh network] is ''basically'' free internet that gives the users an alternative to their service provider. It consists of routers that has software that allows it to communicate with other routers, instead of a modem (or service provider). The users who join the network enable others to be on the network and support [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_neutrality net neutrality]. These networks are resilient to disasters because the routers are distributed throughout the community rather than being dependent on the infrastructure developed by service providers.   
 
The software we've created is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source open source] and we're using it to create free internet for Oakland and the surrounding areas.
 
A mesh network doesn't depend on a centralized Internet Service Providers (ISP), but instead on each of the routers in the network. It shares a decentralized mode of communication with our local community. We view mesh networks as a means of connecting to our neighbors, supporting local businesses, and enabling grassroots community collaboration. In the event of disaster or government censorship, an active mesh network is a resilient means of communication and sharing of information.


The software we've created is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source open source] and we're using it to develop free internet for Oakland and the surrounding areas. We hope the community will use our software to create a network that's ''available everywhere for free''. It's a project that will give access to internet, regardless of income, and reduce the divide between communities. We hope these networks will connect our neighbors, support local businesses, and enable community collaboration. In the event of disaster or censorship, a mesh network is a resilient means of communication and sharing of information.


[[File:510NetworkDishes.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Dishes in Action]]
[[File:510NetworkDishes.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Dishes in Action]]

Revision as of 17:27, 9 July 2014

Feb 21: Launched "Snow Crash" release candidate v.0.1.0 - now deploying the first batch of experimental nodes!  

We are an all-volunteer organization building the People's Open Network, a community-owned and operated non-profit internet infrastructure in Oakland.

A mesh network is essentially free internet that gives users an alternative to their service provider. It consists of routers that has software that allows it to communicate with other routers, instead of a modem (or service provider). The users who join the network enable others to be on the network and support net neutrality. These networks are resilient to disasters because the routers are distributed throughout the community rather than being dependent on the infrastructure developed by service providers.

The software we've created is open source and we're using it to develop free internet for Oakland and the surrounding areas. We hope the community will use our software to create a network that's available everywhere for free. It's a project that will give access to internet, regardless of income, and reduce the divide between communities. We hope these networks will connect our neighbors, support local businesses, and enable community collaboration. In the event of disaster or censorship, a mesh network is a resilient means of communication and sharing of information.

Dishes in Action
Quick Links (see below for more details)
Documentation Technical Outreach Operations Research External Links
Install Instructions Overview FAQ Minutes User Research peoplesopen.net
Net Topology Hardware Blog To-Do's SF Bay Area network map
Presentations Power How to Help Legal Interviews code on github
History Security Wishlist Inventory Other Meshes DisasterRadio
Press Backup Website Meetings Software Tools BuildYourOwnInter.Net
Firmware Hosting Propaganda Funding Local Services
Mounting Decisions Self-Education
Next gen

 

 

Meetup Info

  • Join the Mailing List!
  • We have weekly hack nights on Tuesdays and Thursdays, 7:30-11pm at Sudo Room. The first three Thursdays of the month are work nights - so come by and jump in!
  • General meetings for discussion and planning are Last Thursdays of every month. We plan to have local focus groups in the near future - watch this space or join the mailing list for details.
  • Find us on IRC: #peoplesopen.net on Freenode IRC
  • We generally take meeting notes at: https://pad.riseup.net/p/sudomesh
  • See the Minutes page for the archive of past meetings.

How to Help

In July 2013, we successfully concluded our bootstrap crowdfunding campaign on WePay to buy the first 100 wifi routers for the mesh! Thanks to all who supported with a donation. See Mesh/Purchases for details on how much was raised, who contributed, and what we've procured thus far with the funds!

Here are some other ways you can help out:

  • Support us with a small weekly donation on Gittip.
  • Send bitcoins to our wallet address: 12RxU4DpLpdWcmEBn7Tj325CCXBwt5i9Hc
  • Come to our work meetings in Oakland! (listed above).
  • Form a project and/or a neighborhood working group to create new and locally-relevant ways of plugging into the mesh.

Technical overview

The mesh is made up mostly of wifi routers using Atheros chipsets and running our own firmware based on OpenWRT, B.A.T.M.A.N. Advanced and wlan slovenja's tunneldigger. We're using 2.4 GHz routers for indoor and street-level coverage and 5 GHz 802.11n routers for high-bandwidth and long distance roof to roof links. Most of our outdoor equipment is from Ubiquiti. We refer to the wifi routers as mesh nodes, or simply nodes.

Node-owners can choose to connect the nodes to their existing LAN using ethernet. If they have Internet access, they can share a portion of it with the mesh. The amount of bandwidth shared is limited with 'tc'. It is chosen at node-configuration time and can be changed using the simple built-in web admin interface.

Wifi networks and IP assignment

The nodes each run three wifi networks (three SSIDs on the same physical wifi interface):

  • peoplesopen.net is an open access point. Most people will use the network by connecting to this.
  • pplsopen.net-node2node is an ad-hoc network that the nodes use to mesh with each other
  • A private wifi network is named by the node owner (or a name is generated) and uses WPA2-PSK.

If a node-owner is sharing internet, then the node will create a layer 2 (L2TP) tunnel to a VPN server on the Internet using tunneldigger. batman-adv will connect over this tunnel to other nodes on the mesh, so the mesh can route traffic over the internet if no wifi path to another node is available (e.g. other nodes are physically too far away). When people connect to the peoplesopen.net access point and try to access the Internet, the traffic will flow through the VPN, and the source IP of requests will appear to be the VPN with the sudo mesh organization listed as the abuse contact.

The nodes run DHCP servers and each have a /24 IPv4 subnet in the 10.0.0.0/8 range that is statically assigned by coordination between mesh groups and individuals hosting and administrating their own nodes on People's Open Network (currently only the sudo mesh organization). If a user connects to the peoplesopen.net access point on a node that isn't sharing internet, then batman-adv intercepts the DHCP request and forwards the request to another node on the network that has Internet connectivity (see the gw_mode option for batman-adv).

The private network does not limit bandwidth and provides access to both direct access to the Internet (if the node owner has hooked the node up to the Internet) and access to the mesh. Each node's private network runs on 172.30.0.0/16 and uses NAT between the private network and the mesh. It does not accept any new incoming connections from the mesh onto the 172.30.0.0/16 subnet.

Node flashing and configuration

One of our medium-term goals is to be able to sell nodes on our website and minimize the amount of work required to re-flash/configure the nodes and provide documentation for the user. To facilitate this, our current process for new nodes is:

  • A new node is flashed either automatically (using e.g. ubiquiti-flasher or merakiflasher) or manually with the sudowrt firmware.
  • The node is plugged into a server running our node-configurator software.
  • A sudo mesh volunteer pulls up https://nodeconf.local and uses a web interface to fill out contact info for the node owner, initial bandwidth sharing limits and private wifi SSID.
  • The node-configurator generates SSH keys, SSH root password, web admin password and private wifi password, then it configures the node, saves the info in the node database and shuts down the node.
  • The node-configurator automatically prints a sticker containing some basic info including wifi and web admin passwords.
  • The sudo mesh volunteer attaches the sticker to the nodes power supply and puts the node back in the box with a set of instructions for how to install and use the node.
  • The node is shipped to the new node owner!

The node-configurator has both a server and a client component. The newly flashed sudowrt nodes automatically run the node-configurator client when they boot, and the client uses DNS-SD and mDNS to find node-configurator servers on the local network. The node then connects to the server using SSL and the server is ready to configure the node. The node-configurator server talks to Avahi using DBUS to announce itself using DNS-SD. The server is written in Python using Twisted and the client is written in Lua using luasec, and uses the mdnssd-min utility to provide DNS-SD and mDNS.

The node-configurator includes a webserver and management web app. The web app talks to the server and connected nodes using websockets.

Node management

All nodes set up by sudo mesh automatically allow root access using an SSH key held by a few trusted sudo mesh organizers. This is to allow us to update the firmware and troubleshoot network issues. We inform node-owners of this fact and tell them how to prevent sudo mesh from accessing their nodes, but also indicate that they should be ready to manage their own node if they choose to do this.

We don't yet have a solution for node monitoring but we're expecting to use the new version of wlan slovenja's nodewatcher software.

We don't yet have an automatic update solution in place, but it will work similarly to the node-configurator:

  • Any number of node-updater servers announce themselves on the mesh and whether or not an update is available.
  • The nodes run a future version of mdnssd-min as a daemon that keeps a currently list of node-updaters.
  • Once every N hours +/- a random factor, if any node-updaters have updates available, all nodes connect to a randomly chosen node-updater and request an update.
  • The node-updaters send the nodes an ipk file with the update and the nodes check the signature and install it if it's signed by a trusted authority.

Minimum hardware specs

The sudowrt firmware minimally needs:

  • Atheros chipset
  • 32 MB ram
  • 8 MB flash
    • (or 4 MB flash and a USB port with a USB drive attached)

The firmware is currently working on the older Atheros chipset (OpenWRT "atheros" architecture) as well as the newer Atheros chipsets (OpenWRT "ar71xx" architecture).

We don't support less than 32 MB of ram because OpenWRT itself doesn't support less than 32 MB of ram as of the 12.09 "Attitude Adjustment" release.

We could probably squeeze the firmware into 4 MB flash, but we've decided it's not worth the trouble, and using jffs instead of squashfs simplifies some things.

Internet bandwidth

We encourage node-owners to share their internet with the mesh, but on top of that we are talking to local non-profit organizations and ISPs about getting access to more cheap and free bandwidth.

Social

Community-Based Participatory Action Research

  • We are currently researching existing community spaces across Oakland for potential collaboration, and have established relationships with several grassroots organizations in the San Antonio neighborhood as well as the Internet Archive (which has a 70ft tower in Richmond). Moving forward, we intend to expand the mesh through reaching out to grassroots organizations and local businesses, schools, libraries, etc: our process of designing and deploying mesh services guided by the needs and desires of existing community actors. See our Community Outreach spreadsheet to add organizations or contacts.
  • The ethnographic research component of the project also involves interviewing local residents, designing and distributing community surveys, historical and political analysis, and asset mapping of existing and potential community resources.

Documentation of use cases and user stories

  • Articulating use cases for mesh networks involves the creation of user stories based on interviews with local residents and participatory engagement with existing community organizations and groups. The research process will be transparently documented on a research wiki, incorporating interview notes, meeting minutes, an annotated bibliography, written analysis and visual infographics (for an example, see Jenny's past research wiki here: http://wiki.tidepools.co).
  • This documentation is intended to support a model of open source technology design that is bottom-up in nature, rooted in the interests of those who would receive the greatest humanitarian benefit from the technology and participate intimately with the development process.

Illustrated instructables for learning about networking

  • A major focus of the project is to experiment with recycled and donated hardware for the purposes of designing mesh solutions at minimal cost. Experimentation with various firmwares (eg; Commotion, Freifunk, Byzantium) and protocols (eg; OLSRd, batman-adv, Babel) using off-the-shelf and upcycled hardware (eg; donated routers and satellite dishes) will be extensively documented.
  • Well-designed instructables/comics will incorporate use cases, user stories, and DIY building processes in an effort to engage everyday folks to experiment with mesh technology in their local neighborhoods. See also the Hackpack project toward teaching hacking skills to local teenagers.
  • See our Diagrams page for first drafts of instructables and diagrams of the network topology.

Getting municipal actors to support the mesh

  • Over time, we expect municipal actors (people working for local governments, libraries, schools, etc.) to see the mesh as an ally in efforts to bridge the digital divide. We are creating a short introduction to the project explaining why municipal actors should care about the mesh what they can do to support it.

Mesh pages

  • Mesh/ToDos - Tangible To Dos! Add some on, take some on!
  • Mesh/Wishlist - List of hardware we'd love to experiment with!

Design

  • Map - of potential nodes.
  • Mesh/Website - Notes and documentation for the design of peoplesopen.net and meshthepla.net.
  • Mesh/MeshApps - Local applications to run on the mesh!
  • Mesh/Swag - Research on custom-printed t-shirts and other swag.
  • Mesh/Stickers - Sticker design
  • Ascii Art - for linux logins

Technical Documentation

Operational

Background Research

Firmwares / groups

Web Resources

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